Assignment No 1 PHY101 2010

Solution :

“.When a credit card is “swiped” through a card reader, the information coded in a magnetic pattern on the back of the card is transmitted to the card holder's bank. Why is it necessary to swipe the card rather than holding it motionless in the card reader's slot?”

ANS: In a credit card reader, the magnetic strip on the back of a credit card is rapidly? swiped? past a coil within the reader. Explain, using the same ideas that underlie the operation of a search coil, how the reader can decode the information stored in the pattern of magnetization on the strip.

FALL 1st Assignment

Q # 1 Consider a box that is placed on different surfaces.Marks = 10
a) In which situation (s) is there no force acting on the box?
b) In which situation (s) is there a static friction force acting on the box?
c) In which situation (s) is there a kinetic friction force acting on the box?
Various possible situations are as under:
I. The box is at rest on a rough horizontal surface.
II. The box is at rest on a rough tilted surface.
III. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is moving at a constant velocity on a straight, level road and the box remains in the same place in the middle of the truck bed.
IV. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is speeding up on a straight, level road, and box remains in the same place in the middle of the truck bed.
V. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is climbing
a hill, and the box is sliding towards the back of the truck.

Answer Q1.
Answer (a) (I), (iii)
Answer (b) (ii), (IV)
Answer (c) (v)

In situation (I) and (ii) the box is not accelerating (so the net force on it must be zero) and there is no other force acting parallel to the horizontal surface; hence no friction force is needed to prevent sliding. In situation (ii) and (IV) the box would start to slide over the surface if no friction were present, so a static fraction force must act to prevent this.

In situation (V) the box is sliding over a rough surface, so a kinetic friction force acts on it.

Q # 2 A spaceship is moving in the vacuum of outer space, far from any planet, when its engine dies. As a result, the spaceship slows down and stops. What does Newton‘s first law say about this event? Marks = 5

Solution:-

In this situation there are no forces acting on the spaceship, so according to Newton’s first law, it will not stop. It continues to move in a straight line with constant speed, some science fiction movies have made use of very accurate science; this was not one of them

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STA301 solution Assignment No. 1

Assignment No.1 (Course STA301)

Fall 2010 (Total Marks 30)

Deadline

Your Assignment must be uploaded/ submitted before or on

23:59 29^th 4^th Nov, 2010

STUDENTS ARE STRICTLY DIRECTED TO SUBMIT THEIR ASSIGNMENT BEFORE OR BY DUE DATE. NO ASSIGNMNENT AFTER DUE DATE WILL BE ACCEPTED VIA E.MAIL).

Rules for Marking

It should be clear that your Assignment will not get any credit IF:

• The Assignment submitted, via email, after due date.
• The submitted Assignment is not found as MS Word document file.
• There will be unnecessary, extra or irrelevant material.
• The Statistical notations/symbols are not well-written i.e., without using MathType software.
• The Assignment will be copied from handouts, internet or from any other student’s file. Copied material (from handouts, any book or by any website) will be awarded ZERO MARKS. It is PLAGIARISM and an Academic Crime.
• The medium of the course is English. Assignment in Urdu or Roman languages will not be accepted.
• Assignment means Comprehensive yet precise accurate details about the given topic quoting different sources (books/articles/websites etc.). Do not rely only on handouts. You can take data/information from different authentic sources (like books, magazines, website etc) BUT express/organize all the collected material in YOUR OWN WORDS. Only then you will get good marks.

Objective(s) of this Assignment:

• The assignment is being uploaded to strengthen the students’ BASIC concepts about statistics.
• How to recognize and differentiate among different types of data in real life examples.
• Hands on arranging and displaying already collected data into an organized form, using given statistical method.
• Make students able to understand the concept of measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion.

Assignment.1 (Lessons 1-11)

Question 1: Marks: 5+5=10

Give an answer of the followings:

• Define an array.
• University students have been assigned roll no’s according to their marks. Which scale of measurement is used to assign the roll numbers?
• When statistical results are misleading?

(b) Make discrete frequency distribution from the given data,

1,2,3,2,1,2,1,3, 4,5,1,2,3,1,4,2, 2,3,2,1,4,4,4,2,1,

Also find;

• Cumulative frequencies
• Relative frequencies

Question 2: Marks: 2+8=10

(a) Find Geometric mean from the following data.

1, 2, 3,2,4,5,4,3,4,-1,4, 3,0,1,-3, 2,4

(b) The weight of the 40 male students at a university is given in the following frequency table:

Weight	frequency
118-126	3
127-135	5
136-144	9
145-153	12
154-162	5
163-171	4
172-180	2

Calculate median and mode from the above data.

Question 3: Marks: 2+2+6 =10

(a) Why Quartile deviation is better than the Rang?

(b) For given data calculate range and coefficient of range,

0.035, 0.045, 0.031, 0.044, 0.032

(c) Calculate an appropriate measure of dispersion for the following data.

Farm Size (acre)	No. of Farms
Bellow 40	394
41-80	461
81-120	391
121-160	334
161-200	169
201-240	113
241 and above	148

Solution:

Q.NO.1

ARRAY

1. to place in proper or desired order; marshal: Napoleon arrayed his troops for battle.

2. to clothe with garments, esp. of an ornamental kind; dress up; deck out: She arrayed herself in furs and diamonds.

3. order or arrangement, as of troops drawn up for battle.

4. military force, esp. a body of troops.

5. a large and impressive grouping or organization of things: He couldn't dismiss the array of facts.

6. regular order or arrangement; series: an array of figures.

7. a large group, number, or quantity of people or things: an impressive array of scholars; an imposing array of books.

8. attire; dress: in fine array.

9. an arrangement of interrelated objects or items of equipment for accomplishing a particular task: thousands of solar cells in one vast array.

10. Mathematics, Statistics .
a. an arrangement of a series of terms according to value, as from largest to smallest.
b. an arrangement of a series of terms in some geometric pattern, as in a matrix.

11. Computers . a block of related data elements, each of which is usually identified by one or more subscripts

Q1(b)

Make discrete frequency distribution from the given data,
1,2,3,2,1,2,1,3, 4,5,1,2,3,1,4,2, 2,3,2,1,4,4,4,2,1,

X F CF rf

1 7 7 7/25=0.28

2 8 15 8/25=

3 4 19 4/25=

4 5 24 5/25=

5 1 25 1/25=

Question 2:
(a) Find Geometric mean from the following data.
1, 2, 3,2,4,5,4,3,4,-1,4, 3,0,1,-3, 2,4


AS WE can see data contain 0 we can not take log for 0 so it is impossible to solve this question for Geometric mean

Remember when data have 0 we cannot compute Geometric mean as well as harmonic mean

For given data calculate range and coefficient of range,
0.035, 0.045, 0.031, 0.044, 0.032

Range=0.045-0.031=0.014

coefficient of range=0.045-0.031/0.045+0.031
=0.014/0.076
=0.1842

QNO3(A):

The quartile deviation is superior to range as it is not affected by extremely large or small observations. It is simple to understand and easy to calculate. The quartile deviation is as widely used as other measures of dispersion. It is used in situations where extreme observations are thought to be unrepresentative.

When statistical results are misleading?

The world is littered with statistics, and the average person is bombarded with five statistics a day1. Statistics can be misleading and sometimes deliberately distorting. There are three kinds of commonly recognised untruths:

Lies, damn lies and statistics.
- Mark Twain
This quote from Mark Twain is accurate; statistics are often used to lie to the public because most people do not understand how statistics work. The aim of this entry is to acquaint the reader with the basics of statistical analysis and to help them determine when someone is trying to pull a fast one.

Think about how stupid the average person is; now realise half of them are dumber than that.
- George Carlin
There are many books which teach statistics, but they are mostly big and heavy mathematical books, which cost a lot of money, and which may require a degree in the subject to understand anyway. For many years there has been a need for a Statistics for Dummies book and in fact there is one, written by Deborah Rumsey. On the Internet information on how to understand statistics can be found, but the sites mostly cater for medical students who need to examine experimental drug studies, although a great online starting place is RobertNiles.com, which explains how to examine statistics for errors and how to create your own statistics correctly

(c) Calculate an appropriate measure of dispersion for the following data.

In this situation we will calculate Quartile deviation be cause we can not find value for X due to open end classes so we will be unable to compute S.D variance mean deviation average etc only quartile deviation is suitable calulate it your self

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30/10

MKT621 GDB No. 1 Announced

Q: Advertising has damaged children to a large extent”. Justify this statement with solid reasons.

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Mgt411 GDB-1 Solution

As the world is getting in-depth knowledge of economics, some economic concepts are becoming more acceptable day by day. The concept of inflation is one of such concept which became popular during the last century. Two mostly used inflation measurement methods around the world are CPI (Consumer Price Index) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) deflator. Now, one method is getting popularity in the world with the passage of time over the other method of measuring inflation.

You are required to comment on the major distinction between CPI index and GDP deflator and which method of inflation measurement has advantage over others and on what specific grounds?"

Instructions:



Read the following instructions before giving your comments on GDB:

Ø (Your answer must be maximum of 70 words or 4 lines otherwise your comments will be graded as zero)



1. Use the font style “Times New Roman” and font size “12”.
2. Your answer should be relevant to the topic i.e. clear and concise.
3. Do not copy or exchange your answer with other students. Two identical / copied comments will be marked Zero (0) and may damage your grade in the course.
4. Books, websites and other reading material may be consulted before posting your comments but copying or reproducing the text from books, websites and other reading materials is strictly prohibited. Such comments will be marked as Zero (0).
5. Obnoxious or ignoble answer should be strictly avoided.

solution:

In economics the GDP deflator (Implicit price deflator of GDB) is a measure of the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy, GDP stands for gross domestic product, the total value of all final goods and services produced within that economy during a specified period.


Inflation has been defined as a process of continuously rising prices or equivalently of a continuously falling value of money, Various indexes have been devised to measure different aspects of inflation. The CPI measures inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses, the producer price index (PPI) measures inflation at earlier stages of the production process: the Employment Cost index (PPI) measures inflation at earlier stages of the production process: the Employment cost index (ECI) measures it in the labor market: the BLS International Price Program measures it for imports and exports: and the Gross Domestic Product Deflator (GDP Deflator) measures inflation experienced by both consumers themselves as well as governments and other institutions providing goods and services to consumers. Finally, there are specialized measures, such as measures of interest rates.

The “best” measure of inflation for a given application depends on the intended use of the data. The CPI is generally the best measure for adjusting payments to consumers when the intent is to allow consumers to purchase at today’s prices, a market basket of goods and services equivalents to one that they could purchase in an earlier period.

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Strategic Management (MGT603) Assignment No. 1 Marks: 20

QUESTION:

As you have read in your course that strengths and weaknesses are an organization's internal controllable activities that are performed especially well or poorly and opportunities and threats are the external factors. The organization either small or large has to keep an eye on the internal and external environment for keeping the pace with the changing environment.

Read the following situation and identify what you consider to be Fashion Inn’s major opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses. List these key factors under separate headings. (5 Marks for each)

Fashion Inn is a local garment factory in Faisalabad. His owner Mr. Sadiq is not very well educated but has a good sense of business. He is very polite with his workers and staff and treats them like a family. Usually he prefers to take opinion from his staff and workers before making a final decision. Mr. Sadiq owns the land of the factory plus has good financial support. He also has good contact with some politicians.

In these days he is looking for suppliers from whom he can purchase his raw martial in some cheaper prices as he is thinking to lower down his prices in coming season. In addition to that he is not satisfied with the quality of the raw material. He has also heard from his manager that one of his competitors is planning to explore Europe market by exporting ready made garments. Seasonal change in the garment business is problematic in sense that he has to deliver his supply well on time in the market to secure confirm sale and profit.

Economic downturn and inflation has also adversely affected the purchasing power of people in Pakistan.

Solution:-

STRENGHTS

Sound finical condition of the owner.

Decentralized decision making approach or Entrepreneurial style of management.

Good relations with politicians.

Committed managers & employees due to participative decision making approach.

Mr. Sadiq possesses a good entrepreneurial skills.

Land of the company is not rented or leased. Its owned by the Mr. Sadiq.

WEAKNESS;

Smaller size of target market.

The company has no strong brand.

Less positioning of company s' products into customer s' mind.

Lack of marketing and operational expertise’s.

Low quality of raw material.

THREATS:

Inflation

Economic downturn

Seasonal change in garments business

Adverse economic conditions resulting lower purchasing power of customers.

Competitor s' threats.

MGT613 Ass # 1 Idea Solution

Mr. A is the Operations Manager of ABC Company. He has been given the responsibility to

make the decision for constructing a restaurant. He has three available alternative points to

construct it out. First alternative is to construct on road S, second is to construct on road M, and

third is to construct on road D. The data for expected payoff under three states of nature is

available in the following table.

POSSIBLE FUTURE DEMANDS

Alternatives Low Moderate High

Road S Rs. 40 M Rs. 40 M Rs 50 M

Road M Rs. 55 M Rs.60 M Rs 75 M

Road D Rs. 30 M Rs 55 M Rs 85 M

Assuming the payoff under each state of nature what decision would be appropriate using each

of the following criteria.

a. Maximin

b. Maximax

c. Minimax regret

d. Laplace

Note: Calculation along with interpretation is required in order to attempt this question. In

the case students do not calculate and interpret, and just write the answers, will be given

low marks or no marks.

MGT 613 Idea solution
:
Maximin Approach:
Road S = 40
Road M = 55 the best
Road D = 30

Maximax Apporach:
Road S = 50
Road M = 75
Road D = 85 the best
Laplace approach:
Road S = 43.33
Road M = 63.33 the best
Road D = 56.67


Maximax regret:
The best (doubted
Between Road M & D)

Alternatives Possible Future Demands
Low
Moderate
High
Road S
40-40 = 0
40-60 = -20 50-55 = -5
Road M
55-40 = 15
60-60 = 0
75-55 = 20
Road D
30-40 = -10 55-60 = -10 85-55 = 30


Calculations
Road S = 40+40+50=130/3=43.33
Road M = 55+60+75=190/3=63.33
Road D = 30+55+85=170/3=56.67

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ECO403 Ass # 1 Idea Solution

Nominal GDP	Real GDP	GDP reflector	Inflation rate
92575	92575	100	---
94115	82355	114.3	14.3%
145800	112450	129.7	15.4%

Solution 1

Formulas

For calculation nominal gdp Multiply Ps & Qs from same year llike 200*140+315*205=92575

Etc etc

Asy he bqi b calculate krni ha

Or real gdp me prices 1^st wali use hongi or quantities sub ki baribari lagai jaengy

Llike 200*14+315*205=92575

200*70+315*217=82355

200*200+315*230=112450

GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP /Real GDP *100

Or inflation rate 1^st --, or 2^nd 114.3-100=14.3%

3^rd 129.7-114.3=15.4%

Solution 2

labor force = employment * unemployment

= 164.5+8= 172.5 million

number of people not in labor force= not employed= 8 million

Labor-Force Participation Rate = Labor Force/Adult Population x 100

=172.5/329.8*100 = 52.30 million

Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed /Labor Force*100

=8 /17505*100= 4.64 million

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Mkt624 Assignment No. 1 solution

Q#01: Why do you think it is important to convert a product into a brand?

Ans:

Because a brand name is a specific notation, or word for a product or service. It is a trademark that identifies a brand. It comes under the proprietary rights of a company. In fact if a company is expanding internationally then it becomes necessary for the company to adopt such a brand name and logo which can prove an excellent identity for the company. After the invention of advertising, in 1930 the concept of brand name emerged. Have you ever noticed that people who are brand conscious always love to use branded products which have a brand name on it.

Importance of a brand name in advertisement is also clear if you think for a while that whenever the name of fast food comes you think about McDonald, and Subways. After making a strong brand positioning, brand name of the company becomes its identification and a tool of marketing and promotion.

Q#02: State five of your favorite brands and discuss briefly why they are so dear to you?

Wall’s dairy ice cream. It is so dear to me because not even a single time I went fad up by buying it because it is a largest selling brand in ice cream products & has a very wide range of products in a single banner. So whether if talk about taste or about quality & flavor, it will win all the time & I can bet upon it. The major motive to choose this product is, its international recognition & I feel pride to be a part of such product.

Gourmet sweets & bakers. If we talk about confectioners then the largest selling brand in sweets & bakery products in big cities of our country is Gourmet. Whenever I visited their outlets, every Time I enjoyed their privilege & clean environment. All the stuff is so much dainty & hygienic there & whenever I want to buy some confectioners for relatives or friends then there is only one name in mind, “Gourmet” Also there is a pride of buying quality products which has its recognition too.

Virtual University. If we talk about educational institutes then VU is one of that institutes which are spreading knowledge at our door steps. Its online study system is very helpful especially for females & working students. The way of learning is so simple that a student if regularly attends the lectures, always gets the degree. The main benefit of this institute is that the VU brand globally recognized which has its branches worldwide.

Gold Leaf. In cigarettes, gold leaf is a largest selling brand in Pakistan. This brand is its recognition in itself. The tobacco quality, packing quality & the brand logo enough for feeling pride among friends.

Nestle. If we talk about health products then globally there is one & only brand is arisen in our minds, Nestle. I feel proud to be a part of Nestle family due to its trust among customers.

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Another Solution:

Q: What do you think that it is important to convert a product into a brand?

This simply means that branding is just not about wrapping a product into a nice package and selling that in a hope that I have turned a product into a brand. The brand must require special or superior value preposition, the brand must be maintained a good relationship with customers, and also changes in response to fierce competition yet meaning the same to its loyal customers.

The customer must feel that they have full value of their money spending in terms of quality; the value has to be more than the generic product. The customer can get feel satisfaction from the products. Thus a good brand must create a good value for the company or the organization. Therefore, a brand creation is the end product of a team of professionals, nor just a single person effort it is a team effort.

The firm or the organization need to do consistent hard work to give meaning to the product to turn into a brand. The brand must represent the quality and the satisfaction of the customers. a brand represents itself in the differentiated form and features for the customers to acknowledged without differentiation a product does not qualify to be acknowledged .as a brand of the product can occupy an intended position in the customers mind than the product can convert into a brand .competition creates challenges for the brand management tools the team of professionals can face the challenges and live up to those by responding professionally. Brands go through the rough and timbre of market dynamics.

A perpetual effort is required to sustain it in the market. a good brand works as a good future sales good future earning and a source of good future demand and lasting attractiveness for the company , it also shows a strong entry barriers to competition. It also carries its value in the local market as well as in the international market a good brand must offers economies of scale in advertising, and promotions. Brands must be managed keeping in view their value for the consumer and for the company

Q 02: State five of your brands and discuss why they are so dear to you?

brands must maintain its quality and satisfaction of customers in their mind. It is not a single person creation it is an effort of team of professionals

01. ST MICHEAL: It is a firm or organization can create good quality products for the valued customers. It has a local and international market. It creates shirts, trousers, socks, sweaters and so on. For their customers. The company can create a good image on the customers mind. The company can make its products according to its customer’s needs. In 2006 I was in USA, I bought the trouser from the store of the ST Michael‘s store. After a couple of days I thought it is not so good enough, I was go there ask to the reception officer if there is any possibility I want to change the trouser with the new design and new style trousers. He asks me you go and change as you want. I was very pleased to him and thanks to him. That’s the company policy can create a good image in my mind I give him a price differentiation money and says thanks to him. That’s the tool through which the company can create a good satisfaction in the customer’s mind and also the customers can want to buy in the future.

02. SONY: It is a firm which can produce mobiles phones, television, LCD, monitors, stereo systems etc. it captures its local market as well as its international market. it creates a good quality product which can use after its warranty expires. It has created a brand name in its customer’s mind. After a product is purchased by the customer the company can provide its free spare parts warranty in the limited period.

The company can create its product according to the customer’s need. That the customer can easily afford to buy it. The firm or the company can create lots of difference in their product among competitors. The person or the customer of electronic product he must first prefer to buy a Sony product that is a good and long life product. The company can also introduce a new technology in their products. That the customer can want to buy it. Some customers have special attention to the new technology products and it prefer to buy it as soon as possible.

03. HONDA: it is that firm or company which produces a vehicles or cars for its customers. The company can differ in styles, quality products, luxurious and lifelong in their products among competitors. it can create an image on the customer’s mind. Company can create or turn its products into a brand and thus now he has generated a good cash flow, good future revenue for it. As time passed it introduces new technology in their vehicles manufactured so that the valued customers can want to buy it. The company can produce a product that can be durable, long life and good quality products.

04. IBM: IBM is a firm which can produce computer systems, LCD’s, keyboard, and other applications of the computer systems. it produces a short body system which have a greater speed of there applications. There products must be long life and there products might be working in extreme cold and hot conditions or climate. The system user can already know its durability and quality of the IBM it produces its products in all sizes, different designs which can show the company’s image. The spare parts of the system can be easily in local market as well as in international markets.

05. NOKIA: it is multinational company. It produces mobiles phones and there accessories of mobile phones for their customers. It produces a good quality and long life mobile phones. The new and old customers can know its performance and durability so that’s why the every customer can want to purchase according to its range. The company can introduce a new technology features in its products. The company can create its products in different sizes, styles, and designs which the customer wants. NOKIA can create its huge market in he whole world. Its competitors cannot compete in mobiles phones applications. The customer first preference is to buy a new good looking product. It also give its body parts and other accessories of the mobile phone in the market. The price of the product can also attract the customer itself.

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